rajatarangini was translated into persian by

According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . [21][25] However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. View all Google Scholar citations Translations. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. After that, the English translation appeared under the aegis of the Asiatic Society in 1835 and the French translation in 1852. Verse 15. Rajatarangini in Scholarship The most widely known Rajatarangini (River of Kings) - and the one on which the English translations discussed here are based - is a Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana Pandit dating to 1148-49 AD.1 It is written in verse in the Sanskrit kavya style and divided into eight cantos (or tarangas ), which number close to 8,000 . [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rajatarangini. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs Has data issue: true He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. Updates? [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. Request Permissions. Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. Died young. There too, legend is mixed with reality, and Toramana Huna is incorporated into the line of Meghavahana. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. thirty journals, primarily in the humanities and social sciences, though it He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. Son of Hiranyakula. Made king by the minister Shura. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. After that, the English translation. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. He showed shockingly progressed specialised mastery for the time in his anxiety for offbeat sources. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. Devout Shaivite. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. Sanskrit The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. Son of Sangramapida II. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. Jizya was abolished too in his command. Omissions? Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. How much salary can I expect in Dublin Ireland after an MS in data analytics for a year? From the Pen of Jonarja, Court Pait to Suln Zayn al-bidn. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Answer. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: "River of Kings") historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. No examples found, consider adding one please. 0 0 Similar questions It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. Murdered by Radda. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Sussala's son. He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. Corrections? He looked up a variety of epigraphic sources relating to royal eulogies, construction of temples, and land grants; he studied coins, monumental remains, family records, and local traditions. Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. Check ' ' translations into Persian. . Hiranya died childless. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. The Journal of Asian Studies These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". section. After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (9801003 CE) placed Samgrmarja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. [14], Shah Mir worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially Sikandar Butshikan. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. Verse 15. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in Harsha of Kashmir's court. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. (I.191) He belonged to. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. Verse 12. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. Copyright 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. In 1380 C.E. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. His family ruled for many generations. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Raman Menon, Priyadarshini Publication Society, 1,200. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. Nephew of Didda. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. All rights reserved. Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Answer. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. He erected a monument at. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. 2011 Duke University Press You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Verse 7. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. The Loharas ruled for many generations. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. Brought up by, Within 6months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. "useRatesEcommerce": false Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. . Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. Book II introduces a new line of kings not mentioned in any other authentic source, starting with Pratapaditya I and ending with Aryaraja. was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. [18] Iinternal rebellions were ably suppressed. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. [20][18][19] Economic condition was decent. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. Match words . Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. He called back the Hindus who left Kashmir during his father's reign. [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the.

Burton Police Scanner, Ocg Top Decks, Kodai Capital Management, Stanthorpe Border Post Funeral Notices, Chris Lemonis Parents, Articles R